Prostate cancer begins in the prostate, a small gland in men that helps make semen. It often grows slowly and shows no early signs. Many men do not know they have it until symptoms appear. Finding it early allows for more effective treatment and better recovery.
Doctors rely on several proven methods to detect this cancer before it spreads. These methods include physical exams, blood tests, scans, and lab work. Each method gives a clearer view of the prostate’s condition. Early detection helps doctors act before the disease advances.
How the PSA Blood Test Works
One common test for prostate cancer is the PSA blood test. PSA stands for prostate-specific antigen, a protein made by the prostate. This test measures how much PSA is in a man’s blood. High levels can signal a problem with the prostate.
A high PSA level does not always mean cancer. It could come from infection or an enlarged prostate. Still, doctors often use PSA as the first step in screening. If levels rise, they may suggest more tests to learn why.
The Digital Rectal Exam and What It Detects
During a digital rectal exam, a doctor checks the prostate’s size and shape by feeling through the rectal wall. This quick exam takes only a minute and helps detect hard spots or unusual lumps. Doctors often use it with a PSA test to get a clearer view of prostate health. If either test shows concern, further testing like an MRI or biopsy may follow.
MRI and Biopsy: Imaging and Confirmation
If PSA levels remain high or a DRE detects a lump, doctors may recommend an MRI to examine the prostate closely. MRI scans provide detailed images that highlight suspicious areas and help identify irregularities not seen through other methods. This allows doctors to determine whether a biopsy is necessary to investigate further. An MRI-guided approach often improves accuracy when targeting specific areas for sample collection.
A prostate biopsy involves taking small tissue samples from the prostate using a thin, hollow needle for lab testing. Doctors usually guide the needle with ultrasound or combine it with MRI to reach the right spots. The lab examines the tissue samples under a microscope to detect any cancer cells. Biopsy results help doctors understand the presence and potential growth rate of the cancer, which guides treatment planning.
Get Ahead of Prostate Cancer Today
Genetic testing helps men learn about their risk for prostate cancer based on inherited gene changes. Tests often look for mutations in genes like BRCA1 and BRCA2, which may raise cancer risk. Doctors may also use urine tests to detect molecular markers tied to prostate cancer. These tools give a more personalized view of each man’s risk level.
CT, PET, and bone scans help doctors see if prostate cancer has spread beyond the gland. These scans are not used to find early cancer but help shape treatment plans for advanced cases. Most men should begin prostate checks around age 50 unless they have higher risk factors. Talking to a doctor helps determine the right time to start screening based on personal history.
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