The prostate is a small gland that forms part of the male reproductive system. The prostate often grows larger as men age, a condition known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or an enlarged prostate. BPH is common among men over 50, and the likelihood of developing it tends to increase over time. Understanding the condition can help men recognize changes in their health and seek appropriate evaluation.
What Is an Enlarged Prostate?
An enlarged prostate is a noncancerous increase in the size of the prostate gland. Because the prostate wraps around the urethra, this growth can narrow the passage through which urine flows. Researchers have not identified a single cause of BPH, but changes in hormone levels that occur with age are thought to play a role. Other factors associated with a higher likelihood of BPH include a family history of prostate conditions, obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. The size of the prostate does not always correspond to the severity of symptoms. Some men with significant enlargement notice few changes, while others with modest growth experience frequent urinary difficulties.
What Are the Symptoms?
Symptoms of BPH usually develop gradually, and they typically relate to urination. When the prostate presses on the urethra or the bladder, a man may notice certain changes. These can include:
- Frequent need to urinate
- Sudden urges to urinate
- Weak urine stream that starts and stops
- Dribbling urination
Similar symptoms can also result from other conditions, such as urinary tract infections, and a medical evaluation helps identify the underlying source.
How Is It Treated?
Treatment for an enlarged prostate depends on the severity of symptoms and the size of the gland. There are several ways to diagnose BPH; a urologist may begin with a physical exam, a urine test, a blood test that measures prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and other assessments of urinary flow. For men with mild symptoms, a provider can recommend regular monitoring along with adjustments to daily habits. These may include limiting fluids before going to bed and reducing caffeine and alcohol intake.
Medications
Several types of prescription medications are available for BPH, addressing the condition using different approaches. Alpha blockers relax the muscles of the prostate and bladder neck, and this may make urination easier. 5-alpha reductase inhibitors can slow prostate growth or reduce the size of the gland over time. A provider may prescribe a combination of medications.
Surgery
For moderate to severe cases, a urologist can recommend surgical treatment. Laser-based procedures are a common approach, and they may be used to remove or shrink prostate tissue. A urologist can explain the potential benefits and specifics of what to expect from these treatment methods.
Consult a Urology Specialist
Untreated BPH may contribute to complications such as bladder stones or kidney problems in some cases. A urologist is able to perform an assessment to determine whether your symptoms stem from BPH or another condition, and they can recommend a treatment plan suited to your needs. If you have noticed changes in your urinary habits, contact a urology specialist to discuss your symptoms.