Orthopedic surgeons specialize in diagnosing and treating conditions and injuries that affect bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, muscles, and nerves. When non-surgical treatments like physical therapy or medication do not provide sufficient relief, these medical specialists may perform surgery. They aim to alleviate pain, enhance function, and restore mobility for individuals with a wide range of orthopedic conditions. Here are some standard procedures:
Carpal Tunnel Surgery
Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when the median nerve is compressed. This nerve runs from the forearm into the palm and becomes compressed or squeezed at the wrist. This pressure can lead to symptoms like numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand and arm.
When these symptoms interfere with daily activities and other treatments are ineffective, a surgeon may perform a carpal tunnel release. During the procedure, the surgeon cuts the ligament that is pressing on the median nerve. This action creates more space for the nerve and helps to relieve the pressure.
The surgery is typically an outpatient procedure, meaning you may go home the same day. Relieving the nerve compression may lead to a reduction in symptoms. The goal is to restore hand strength and function over time.
Spinal Fusion
Spinal fusion is a surgical procedure designed to correct problems with the small bones of the spine. The goal is to fuse together two or more vertebrae so that they heal into a single, solid bone. This procedure is intended to eliminate painful motion or to restore stability to the spine. A surgeon may recommend spinal fusion for several conditions, including:
- Degenerative disc disease
- Scoliosis or other spinal deformities
- Spinal weakness or instability
The orthopedic surgeon typically uses a bone graft to connect the vertebrae. This graft may come from the patient’s own body or a bone bank. Metal plates, screws, and rods are used to hold the vertebrae together while the bone graft heals.
Disc Replacement Surgery
As an alternative to spinal fusion, some people might be candidates for disc replacement surgery. This procedure involves removing a damaged or degenerated spinal disc and replacing it with an artificial one. The artificial disc is designed to function like a natural disc, allowing for motion and flexibility in the spine. The primary goal of disc replacement is to alleviate the pain caused by the damaged disc while preserving movement.
Lumbar Decompression Surgery
Lumbar decompression surgery is a general term for various procedures used to relieve symptoms caused by pressure on the spinal cord or nerves in the lower back. Some types of lumbar decompression surgery are:
- Laminectomy: Removal of the lamina, the back part of a vertebra that covers the spinal canal.
- Laminotomy: This is a surgical procedure that involves removing a small portion of the bony arch of the vertebra.
- Discectomy: Removal of a portion of a disc that has herniated or bulged out.
By removing the source of the pressure, this type of surgery can help lessen pain, numbness, and weakness in the legs. The specific procedure depends on the cause of the nerve compression.
Visit an Orthopedic Surgeon
The procedures detailed here represent only a few of the many surgeries orthopedic specialists perform. An orthopedic surgeon can provide a thorough evaluation to determine the source of your pain or limitation. They can then discuss all available treatment options with you, including both surgical and non-surgical approaches. If you are experiencing persistent pain or limited mobility, schedule a consultation with an orthopedic specialist.
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