Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interfere with functioning or development. In young children, these behaviors can manifest in various ways across different settings. Here is more information on the common signs and symptoms of ADHD, categorized into three core areas:
Manifestations of Inattention
ADHD is commonly associated with a lack of attention. Inattention refers to difficulty sustaining focus, following through on tasks, and staying organized. A young child with patterns of inattention may frequently fail to give close attention to details or make careless mistakes in schoolwork or other activities. They may appear not to listen when spoken to directly, as if their mind are elsewhere.
Following instructions and completing tasks, such as chores or assignments, can be a persistent challenge. The child might start tasks but quickly lose focus and become easily sidetracked by external stimuli. The child may have difficulty managing sequential tasks, keeping track of materials and belongings, and managing time effectively. They might frequently lose items necessary for tasks or activities, such as toys, school supplies, or pencils.
Characteristics of Hyperactivity
Hyperactivity involves excessive motor activity and an inability to remain still in situations where it is expected. A young child exhibiting hyperactivity often fidgets with or taps their hands or feet, or squirms in their seat. They may frequently leave their seat in situations when remaining seated is the expectation, such as in the classroom or during meals. The child might run about or climb in situations where it is inappropriate.
This excessive activity can also manifest as an inability to play or engage in leisure activities quietly. The child may appear to be constantly “on the go,” acting as if “driven by a motor.” They might also talk excessively. These behaviors are typically not goal-oriented but reflect a general state of restlessness that is inconsistent with the child’s developmental level and the social context.
Indicators of Impulsivity
Impulsivity is characterized by hasty actions that occur in the moment without forethought and which have a high potential for harm to the individual. In young children, this often presents as social intrusiveness and difficulty with self-control. An impulsive child may blurt out an answer before a question has been completed. They often have difficulty waiting for their turn in games or group activities.
Another indicator is frequent interruption of others. The child might intrude on conversations, games, or activities of others without waiting for an appropriate pause or invitation. They may act without thinking about consequences, which can sometimes lead to accidents or social difficulties. This pattern of behavior reflects a diminished capacity to delay gratification or inhibit immediate responses.
Learn More About ADHD
There are several common indicators of ADHD. Inattention involves difficulties with sustained focus, organization, and task completion. Hyperactivity is defined by excessive physical movement, restlessness, and an inability to remain seated in appropriate situations. Impulsivity manifests as hasty actions, difficulty waiting for one’s turn, and frequent interruptions. Observation of these behavioral patterns across multiple settings can inform a more complete understanding of a child’s developmental functioning. If you suspect your child has ADHD, consult with a qualified physician to learn more.
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